The Second Shift Working Parents And The Revolution At Home – Learn about the “second shift” in sociology, the origins of gender roles, and the definition of the second shift in Arlie Hochschild’s book. Updated: 11/30/2021
In marriage, the second shift is that the female gender is overworked and is expected to work more than the male gender. The woman has to raise children and take care of the family. Even working women are expected to leave the full-time job in many cultures to continue household chores. According to the second shift’s explanation of marital roles, men do less in marriage.
The Second Shift Working Parents And The Revolution At Home
A woman leaves her day job and goes home in the evening. She finds out that the house needs cleaning and there is no dinner for the family. The second shift means cleaning and cooking before the woman takes a break from a long day.
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The second shift refers to unpaid labor at home after paid work at work. Additional unpaid labor after paid work includes:
In her 1989 book, The Second Shift, Arlie Hochschild stated that the household responsibilities that a wife and mother love are at least 40 hours per week in addition to paid work. The Book and the Sociological Principle Even though mom and dad both have careers, it’s usually mom who works the second shift at home. The second shift includes the work done at home in addition to the work done in the professional sector.
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The term ‘second shift’ was coined by Arlie Hochschild, a sociologist, in her book ‘The Second Shift’ by Anne Machung. In this book, Hochschild and Machung explore the issues that working mothers face in fulfilling their duties in their work and at home activities. Hochschild and Machung pointed out that it is good news that women are joining the workforce, but the revolution is not complete. These sociologists said that women are victims of the second shift and that their spouses and the government have not contributed to lightening their burden.
The assertions of these sociologists point to the roles of cultural, egalitarian, and transitional factors in realizing the second shift.
The second shift, identified by Hochschild, was not entirely positive, shaking up certain social structures such as gender roles, social norms, and marriage. Noting that women do more work than men, he had some provocative questions about why women should do most of the work in the family. It was a revisit to the concept of an egalitarian society where everything is considered equal, including responsibility. Women are more concerned about attending to their duties at home and want a division of labor. This brought attention to the idea that there are no separate gender roles and that men should do the same household chores as women. Social norms such as women performing domestic duties were seen as methods of oppression against the female gender.
Since ancient times, there has been a division of labor between the two main sexes. Women have the same roles as men in some cultures where a man is forbidden to perform these tasks. For example, women are commanded to take care of children and their homes, while men are responsible for protecting and caring for their families. Even today, there are cultures that promote these practices, and individuals find it difficult to avoid practicing their heterosexual roles.
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The second shift is unpaid work done at home after paid work. Arlie Hochschild is a sociologist who described this situation to women at work in her second book The Shift with Anne Machung. Hochschild identifies the challenges that working women face while maintaining a paid job and maintaining their home. But these gender roles have been in place for a long time and have defined how different genders fulfill their responsibilities.
Gender division of labor is not a new concept. Looking back through human history, we can see a long tradition of gender-based division of labor. In most societies, especially primitive societies where most of their time is spent on survival, it makes sense that the women (who have to go on some hunting trips to give birth due to their disabilities) do most of the housework. On the other hand, the men, who invariably do not have to stay back to nurse a newborn, usually find roles on the move such as tracking and shooting.
Even today, the traditional gender division of labor exists around the world. Women of the Yanomi culture, located in the Amazon rainforest, are responsible for all household chores. On the contrary, the men are responsible for going out for meat hunting.
When it works, it works. This basic gender division of labor between women in the private sector and men in the public sphere has been a functional model for millennia. Of course, there were some exceptions, like the World Wars, when American women were allowed and encouraged to go out and fill in for the men left to fight for their country, but even then the women were expected. Leave the factory at five o’clock and race home to cook dinner for the kids and clean that kitchen floor.
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If a man and a woman agree in a relationship that the man goes out and earns the money while the woman stays home and takes care of the kids and the house, this traditional gender strategy makes for a happy family. But if both parents agree that income and household responsibilities should be divided equally between mother and father, they are running an egalitarian plan. Because many people in today’s society fall somewhere in between, Hochschild identifies a third strategy called the transition period.
Everyone has heard of the term ‘Super Mom’, but what about ‘Super Dad?’ Today’s men, not just women, are busy breaking down the old gendered work structure. Dads are choosing to stay home and be the primary parent and breadwinner, while moms continue to break glass ceilings and reach new career heights. However, despite this Generation Y (Millennial) view of equal partnership marriage, statistics show that women are still pulling more than their share of their weight. The cart is filled with everything from meal planning to parent-teacher conferences, from scrubbing the toilet to paying bills.
The second shift includes the work done at home in addition to the work done in the professional sector. Gender division of labor is not a new concept. Looking back through human history, we can see a long tradition of gender-based division of labor. In a relationship where a man and a woman agree that the man goes out to earn the money and the woman stays at home to take care of the children and the home, this traditional gender strategy makes for a happy family. But if both parents agree that income and household responsibilities should be divided equally between mother and father, they are running an egalitarian plan.
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We use cookies on our site. See About the information we collect, how we use it and your choices Visit our privacy policy The division of labor in many families is based on gender differences, which affects the roles men and women play in household chores. Gender roles are social constructs that maintain certain traits or characteristics in the personality of individuals based on their gender and include, among other things, the roles and responsibilities of men and women (West & Zimmerman, 1991). West and Zimmerman (1991) found that these different societal attitudes toward men and women lead to gender differences in their career choices and the activities they perform at home or at work.
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Arlie Hochschild, in her book “The Second Revolution,” describes what she calls “the stalled revolution,” a time when women are working outside the home, but the work that goes out and the men that come into the home remain unchanged.
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